Class Cephalopoda (Octopuses, Squids, Cuttlefish and Nautilus)

Octopus are found in both temperate and tropical oceans. Many have a short life span, less than two years. They only mate once, then die. The male dies shortly after depositing his sperm into the mantle cavity of the female. The female is capable of storing the sperm for a few months, but after depositing the fertilized eggs and caring for them until they hatch, the female then dies.

They have the most well developed eyes of any aquatic invertebrate. Even though they can not hear, they have an excellent sense of touch and smell. They crawl and swim by drawing water into the mantle cavity and forcibly expelling it through their siphon tube. Similar to how a jet engine works. They are also excellent at changing their skin color as a means of passive defense. At time of real danger, they eject an inky secretion that forms a dark cloud allowing for escape.

As for strength, they are extremely strong for their size. A small 5 inch (12 cm) octopus could lift an aquarium cover that is weighted down with a brick! Then crawl out and wander around your home! I know - been there, done that! They are also highly intelligent and make good but short-term pets. The ones I've maintained appear to be quite ammonia sensitive and require very good water quality and excellent water movement. They like to hide during the day, as they are nocturnal creatures. A bite from the tiny, 1 inch (2.5 cm) Blue Ringed octopus mentioned below can be fatal.

Superorder: Octopodiformes
Order: Octopoda (Octopus)

Suborder: Cirrata (Deep-sea Octopus)
Family Opisthoteuthidae
Genera Cirroctopus; Grimpoteuthis; Luteuthis; and, Opisthoteuthis;
Family Cirroteuthidae
Genera Cirroteuthis and Cirrothauma
Family Stauroteuthidae
Genus Stauroteuthis

Suborder: Incirata
Family Amphitretidae (Telescope Octopus)
Genus Amphitretus
Family Bolitaenidae (Gelatinous Octopus)
Genera Bolitaena and Japetella
Family Octopodidae (Benthic Octopus)
Genus Vulcanoctopus
Subfamily Bathypolypodinae
Genera Bathypolypus; Benthoctopus; Grimpeella; and, Teretoctopus
Subfamily Eledoninae
Genera Eledone; Pareledone; Tetracheledone; Velodona; and, Vosseledone
Subfamily Graneledoninae
Genera Bentheledone; Graneledone; and, Thaumeledone
Subfamily Megaleledoninae
Genus Megaleledone
Subfamily Octopodinae
Genera Ameloctopus; Aphrodoctopus; Cistopus; Enteroctopus; Euaxoctopus; Hapalochlaena; Octopus; Pinnoctopus; Pteroctopus; Robsonella (?); Scaeurgus; and, Thaumoctopus
Family Vitreledonellidae (Glass Octopus)
Genus Vitreledonella

Superfamily Argonautoida
Family Alloposidae (Seven-arm Octopus)
Genus Haliphron
Family Argonautidae (Argonauts Octopus)
Genus Argonauta
Family Ocythoidae (Tuberculate Pelagic Octopus)
Genus Ocythoe
Family Tremoctopodidae (Blanket Octopus)
Genus Tremoctopus

Order: Vampyromorphida

Family Vampyroteuthidae (Vampire squid)
Genus Vampyroteuthis

Order: Octopoda

Suborder: Incirara

Family Octopodidae

Hapalochlaena

  • H. lunulata Blue ringed Octopus
  • H. maculosa Blue ringed Octopus

    Octopus

  • O. cf. aculeatus Grey Octopus
  • O. bimaculatus Two Spotted Octopus
  • O. cyanea Day Octopus
  • O. luteus Starry Octopus
  • O. macropus White Spotted Octopus
  • O. marginatus Veined Octopus
  • O. vulgaris Common Octopus
  • Octopus sp. 1 (Wonder Octopus - Western Pacific)
  • Octopus sp. 2 (Mimic Octopus - Western Pacific)
  • Octopus sp. 3 (Long-arm Octopus - Western Pacific)

    Subclass Coleoidea
    Order: Sepiida
    Cuttlefishes

    Note: Even though Cuttlefishes are invertebrates, they have the word "fishes" included in their common name. Therefore many hobbyists think of them as a fish instead of an invertebrate. Because of that I have included these interesting creatures in the "Fish" section of this Animal Library. Simply click on the underlined word above, which will take you directly to these fascinating creatures.

    Order: Sepiida
    Division Neocoleoidea
    Superorder: Decapodoformes
    Order: Spirulida (Ram's Head Squid)

    Family Spirulidae
    Genus Spirula

    Order: Sepiida (Cuttlefish)

    Family Sepiadariidae
    Genera Sepiadarium and Sepioloidea
    Family Sepiidae
    Genera Metasepia; Sepia (Subgenera Acanthosepion; Anomalosepia; Doratosepion; Hemisepius; Rhombosepion; and, Sepia) Sepiella

    Order: Sepiolida (Bobtail squid)

    Family Idiosepiidae
    Genus Idiosepius
    Family Sepiolidae
    Subfamily Heteroteuthinae
    Genera Heteroteuthis; Iridoteuthis; Nectoteuthis; Sepiolina; Stoloteuthis
    Subfamily Rossinae
    Genera Austrorossia; Neorossia; Rossia; and, Semirossia
    Subfamily Sepiolinae
    Genera Euprymna; Inioteuthis; Rondeletiola; Sepietta; and, Sepiola

    Order: Teuthida (Squid)

    Suborder: Myopsina
    Family Australiteuthidae
    Genus Australiteuthis
    Family Loliginidae
    Genera Loligo; Lolious; Lolliguncula; Pickfordiateuthis; Sepioteuthis; and, Uroteuthis


    Order: Sepiolida
    Bobtailed Squid

    Family Sepiolidae
    Subfamily Sepiolinae

    Euprymna

    These are small rounded body squid with two large rounded fins. They have tentacles similar to cuttlefish. They are vicious predators, and will attack anything eatable.

  • E. berryi Bobtail Squid

    Family Idiosepiidae
    Pygmy Squid

    Idiosepius

  • I. pygmaeus Two-tone Pygmy Squid

    Order: Teuthida
    Squid

    Family Loliginidae

    Sepioteuthis

    These are elongated squid, or what could be called torpedo-shaped, and have two triangular or slightly rounded fins. They have tentacles similar to cuttlefish. They are vicious predators, and will attack anything eatable.

  • S. lessoniana

    Subclass Nautiloidea
    Order: Nautilida

    Suborder Nautilina
    Family Nautilidae
    Genera Allonautilus and Nautilus
    Family Nautilidae

    Order: Tetrabranchia

    Family Nautiloidae

    Nautilus

    This strange snail-like animal, about 8 inches (20 cm), is a relative of the octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. It has changed little over the past 500 million years and is considered by some to be a living fossil. It is a deep living species, capable of migrating from about 1500 feet (450 m) to approximately fairly shallow waters at about 300 feet (90 m) without internal damage or being effected by temperature changes. This seems to occur daily when they feed upon shrimps, crabs and other small invertebrates during evening hours.

    Its shell is divided into a various number of compartments depending upon its age - about 4 as a newly hatched specimen and about 30 compartments in an adult stage. As it ages, its body moves to the outer compartment areas, leaving the most inner areas/compartments vacant, except for a gas, which serves as means to control its buoyancy. They swim by pulling water into the mantel cavity within the shell and forcing it out a muscular siphon under its tentacles. By controlling the direction of the outflow, it can swim in any direction. Its darker top shell makes it more difficult to see from above, and its lighter bottom shell makes it more difficult to see from below. Nautilus belauensis, N. macromphalus, N. pompilius and N. stenomphalus are among the known existing species.

  • Nautilus sp.
  • N. pompilius


    Soft Corals - Hydrocorals - Octocorals 1 - Octocorals 2 - Octocorals 3 - Octocorals4 - Gorgonia/Sea Pens - Sea Anemones - Corallimorpharia - Zoanthids - Black Corals - Oddballs
    Stony Corals - Acanthastrea - Acropora - Alveopora - Blastomussa - Caryophyllia - Catalaphyllia - Caulastrea - Cynarina - Diploastrea - Diploria - Euphyllia - Favia - Favites - Fungia - Galaxea - Goniopora - Heliofungia - Herpolitha - Hydnophora - Leptoria - Lobophyllia - Montastraea - Montipora - Mussa - Mycedium - Nemenzophyllia - Oculina - Pachyseris - Pavona - Physogyra - Platygyra - Plerogyra - Pocillopora - Porites - Scolymia - Seriatopora - Stylophora - Symphyllia - Trachyphyllia - Tubastraea - Turbinaria - Oddballs
    Joint-Legged Animals - Copepods, Mysis, Krill, Isopods, and Amphipods - Barnacles - Shrimp - Lobsters - Hermit Crabs - True Crabs - Oddballs
    Molluscs - Clams - Snails/Abalone/Limpets - Sea Hares/Slugs/Nudibranchs - Octopi/Cuttlefish/Squid/Nautilus - Oddballs
    Echinoderms - Sea Lilies/Feather Stars - Starfish/Sea Stars and Basket Stars - Brittle Stars - Urchins/Heart Urchins/Sand Dollars - Sea Cucumbers - Oddballs
    Other Inverts - Sponges - Jellyfish - Sea Squirts - Worms - Plankton - Oddballs

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