the Algae page
This is basically a "visual" page where photos of different forms of algae and possible biological control critters can be seen. You'll find five sections, three titled by a 'color' that loosely represent the type of algae or bacteria that fit into those categories. A forth is dedicated to "Other Higher Plants" and the fifth is the "Biological Control List" that contains the creatures that can possibly control/consume it. Each of the first four sections contains a species list, with each species name possibly preceded by a number. Only species that may be a problem, which varies depending upon whom you speak with, have numbers. The numbers relate to an animal in the Biological Control List that can be used to naturally control it (hopefully). Those species not numbered are considered either desirable or may have some other interest.
If the named alga species has a photo attached, that name is underlined. Simply click on the species name to bring up its photo. The same is true for the species mentioned in the "Biological Control List." And note, the algae numbering sequence is not consecutive throughout the following lists since it was and will be necessary to move/add species to different locations and the effort needed to keep it consecutive would be too time consuming.
If a species is not yet mentioned or underlined, it means I still need more information about it and/or a photo. If you have such, please send it and I'll post it with due credit. Sharing knowledge is what this non-profit website is all about! I should also add that since the supply of algae photos from individuals appears to be somewhat scarce in certain categories I searched the web to find sites where none-copyrighted examples appeared to be available and/or sought permission to use their photos.
As noted in the other sections/groupings in this website, there's room for additions and no doubt corrections. I've laid the groundwork, so please let's not criticize, simply pitch in and help! And since this is a visual gathering of this aspect of aquarium keeping, there's no related husbandry text explaining the conditions these species require or prefer. However, for that I highly recommend reading my Marine Algae Control Secrets booklet, Julian Sprung's Algae, A Problem Solving Guide, Vincent Hargreaves The Complete Book Of The Marine Aquarium, or Anthony Calfo & Bob Fenner Reef Invertebrates, An Essential Guide to Selection, Care and Compatibility and visiting the websites mentioned. These books and websites will greatly help you understand the conditions that bring about or sustain these growths and further ways to control or eradicate them. - Bob
GREEN
Caulerpa
C. brachypus - Northern Tropical Pacific Ocean, South China Sea
C. floridana - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
C. mexicana - Caribbean, Florida to Brazil
Caulerpa nummularia - Central Indo-Pacific Ocean to Fiji
Caulerpa paspaloides - Eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean
Caulerpa peltata - Tropical East Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, and Tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to Fiji
C. prolifera - Tropical West & East Atlantic Ocean/Mediterranean
C. racemosa - Circumtropical
Caulerpa reyesi - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Caulerpa scalpelliformis - Tropical East Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, and Tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to Fiji
C. serrulata - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean,/South Pacific - Great Barrier Reef to Fiji
C. sertularioides - Tropical East & West Atlantic Ocean
C. taxifolia - Tropical East Atlantic & Indian Ocean
Hair Algae
(1) Derbesia sp. 1
(1) Derbesia sp. 2
(1) Derbesia marina
(2) Bryopsis sp. - Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean
(2) Bryopsis plumosa - Tropical & Temperate Atlantic Ocean
(3) Chaetomorpha aerea - Tropical/Sub-tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
(3) Chaetomorpha crassa
(4) Boodlea sp.
(5) Enteromorpha compressa
(5) Enteromorpha intestinalis
(5) Enteromorpha linza
(5) Enteromorpha prolifera
Bubble Algae
(6) Dictyospaeria cavernosa - Indian Ocean to East Africa
(7) Valonia utricularis 1
(7) Valonia utricularis 2
(7) Valonia macrophysa
(8) Ventricaria ventricosa - Circumtropical
Turf Algae
(9) Acetabularia crennulata
Avrainvillea sp.
Avrainvillea nigricens - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean
(10) Chlorodesmis sp. (Turtle Weed)
(11) Cladophora laetevirens
(11) Cladophora prolifera - Circumtropical
(11) Cladophora rupestris
Cladophoropsis scoparius
(12) Cladophoropsis sp. 1
(12) Cladophoropsis sp. 2
(13) Valoniopsis pachynema
(14) Ulva lactuca - Circumtropical
(14) Ulva rigida
Calcareous Algae
Codium adhaerens
Codium arabicum
Codium decorticatum
Codium edule
Codium fragile
Codium intertextum - Caribbean
Codium vermilara
Halimeda copiosa (1) - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda copiosa (2) - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda discoidea - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda incrassata - Caribbean, Indo-Pacific Ocean, Red Sea
Halimeda macroloba - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Halimeda micronesica - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Halimeda opuntia - Caribbean, Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Oceans
Halimeda tuna - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Neomeris sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Neomeris annulata
Penicillus capitatus
Penicillus dumetosus
Rhipocephalus phoenix - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean
Udotea sp.
Udotea flabellum
Udotea petiolata
Udotea spinulosa
Microalgae
(15) Microalgae
(15) Ostreobium sp.
Brown
Diatoms
(16) Diatoms 1
(16) Diatoms 2
(16) Diatoms 3
"Y" Branch Algae
(17) Dictyota bartayresii - Tropical & Sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean
(17) Dictyota dichotoma - Circumtropical
(17) Dictyota linearis - Caribbean
Scroll Algae
(21) Lobophora variegata - Caribbean and Tropical and Sub-Tropical Atlantic Ocean
(21) Padina sp.
(21) Padina australis
(21) Padina pavonica
SeaWeed/Kelp
(18) Fucus spiralis
(18) Fucus vesiculosus (1) - Sub-tropical & temperate Atlantic Ocean
(18) Fucus vesiculosus (2) - Sub-tropical & temperate Atlantic Ocean
(19) Laminaria sp. - Tropical & Sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean
Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant Kelp)
(22) Sargassum fluitans
(22) Sargassum hystrix - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean
(22) Sargassum johnstoni
(22) Sargassum natans
(22) Sargassum sinicola
(22) Sargassum vulgare
Stylopodium zonale
Saucer Leaf Algae
(20) Lobophora variegata 1
(20) Lobophora variegata 2
Turbinaria ornata
Turbinaria turbinata
Red
Spikeweed
Actinotrichia fragilis
Red Grape Algae (Rarely seen)
Botryocladia uvaria
Botryocladia pseudodichotoma
Botryocladia skottsbergii
Red Filamentous Algae
(23) Centroceras clavulatum
(24) Wrangelia argus
Boneweed/Thicket Algae
Galaxaura acuminata
Galaxaura fastigiata
Galaxaura marginata - Circumtropical
Red Hair/Kelp/Wire Algae
Gelidium sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Gelidium latifolium
Gelidium microdon
Gelidium pusillum
Gelidium sesquipedale
(25) Polysiphonia elongata
(29) Asparagopsis armata
(29) Asparagopsis taxiformis
Red Macroalgae/Lettuce
Gracilaria curtissae - Circumtropical and sub-tropical
Gracilaria salicornia
Gracilaria tikvahiae
Gracilaria verrucosa
Halymenia sp. - Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean
Halymenia duchassaignii - Tropical West Atlantic
Porphyra leucosticta
Rhodymenia holmesii
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata
Scinaia sp. - Central Indo-Pacific Ocean
Scinaia complanata - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean
Solieria robusta
Hookweed
(26) Hypnea pannosa
(26) Hypnea cervicornis
(26) Hypnea musciformis
Red Bulb Algae
Nemastoma sp. 1
Nemastoma sp. 2
Red Dictyota
Nitophyllum punctatum
Calcareous/Coralline spp.
Amphiroa cryptarthrodia
Amphiroa fragilissima - Tropical West Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean
Amphiroa verruculosa
Corallina elonata
Corallina officinalis
Hydrolithon boergesenii - Circumtropical
Jania rubens - Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean
Lithophyllum incrustans - Circumtropical/sub-tropical
Lithophyllum lichenoides - Circumtropical/sub-tropical
Mesophyllum sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Mesophyllum mesomorphum - Circumtropical
Peyssonnelia sp. - Circumtropical
Titanoderma pustulatum
Slime Alga/Cyanobacteria
(27) Oscillatoria sp.
(28) Phormidium corallyticum
Other Higher Plants
Mangroves
Avicenia germinans (Black Mangrove)
Laguncularia racemosa (White Mangrove)
Rhizophora mangle (Red Mangrove) - Circumtropical & Subtropical
Shoal Grass
Halodule uninervis
Halodule wrightii
Paddle Weed/Midrib Seagrass
Halophila sp.
Halophila ovalis
Halophila spinulosa
Manatee Grass
Syringodium fildorme
Turtlegrass
Thalassia testudinum - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean
Eel Grass
Zostera noltii
Biological Control Species
Please note that clicking these links will take you to a species profile for each control species. To return to this page you will need to click the back arrow on your browser after clicking any of the links below.
Fish
Surgeonfishes
Acanthurus achilles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus japonicus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus leucosternon (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus lineatus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (6, 7, 8)
Acanthurus olivaceus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus pyroferus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 23, 26, 27)
Ctenochaetus striatus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 23, 26, 27)
Naso brevirostris (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 22, 26)
Naso lituratus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 26)
Zebrasoma desjardinii (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma flavescens (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma scopas (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma veliferum (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma xanthurus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Blennies
Ecsenius bicolor (1, 15, 16)
Ophioblennius atlanticus (1, 15, 16)
Salarias fasciata (15, 16, 27)
Rabbitfish
Siganus corallinus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus guttatus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus magnifica (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus vulpinus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Angelfish
Centropyge acanthops (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge argi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge aurantia (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge bispinosus (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge eibli (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge fisheri (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge flavissima (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge heraldi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge loricula (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge nox (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge resplendens (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge shepardi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge vroliki (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Gobies
Amblygobius hectori (1)
Amblygobius rainfordi (1)
Invertebrates
Crabs
Percnon gibbesi - Sally Lightfoot Crab (6, 7, 8, 12)
Mithrax sculptus - Emerald Crab (2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 17)
Hermits
Calcinus tibicen - Red-legged Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)
Clibanarius digueti - Blue-spotted Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)
Clibanarius tricolor - Blue-legged Hermit Crab (1, 3, 5, 25, 27)
Paguristes cadenati - Scarlet-legged Hermit Crab (1, 3, 5, 25)
Phimochirus operculatus - Polka-dotted Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)
Sea Hares
Aplysia californica (1, 2, 9, 12, 16, 25)
Slugs
Elysia diomedea (1, 2, 3, 5, 11)
Elysia ornata (1, 2, 3, 5, 11)
Tridachia crispata - Florida Lettuce Slug (1, 2, 25)
Snails
Astraea tectum (1, 15, 16, 21)
Cerithium echinatum (16)
Cerithium muscarium (16)
Nerita albicilla (16, 27)
Norrisia norrisi (Red Foot Moon Snail) - Not a tropical water species
Margarites pupillus (Margarites Snail) - Not a tropical water species
Puperite pupa (16, 27)
Trochus niloticus (1, 2, 9, 12, 15, 16)
Turbo fluctuosus (1, 15, 16, 21, 27, 29)
Vittina luteofasciata (27)
Conch
Strombus alatus (1, 9, 10, 12, 16, 27)
Strombus gigas (1, 9, 12)
Limpets
Diodora inaequalis (16)
Urchins
Diadema setosum - Black Longspine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
Mespilia globulus - Tuxedo Urchin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)