the Algae page

This is basically a "visual" page where photos of different forms of algae and possible biological control critters can be seen. You'll find five sections, three titled by a 'color' that loosely represent the type of algae or bacteria that fit into those categories. A forth is dedicated to "Other Higher Plants" and the fifth is the "Biological Control List" that contains the creatures that can possibly control/consume it. Each of the first four sections contains a species list, with each species name possibly preceded by a number. Only species that may be a problem, which varies depending upon whom you speak with, have numbers. The numbers relate to an animal in the Biological Control List that can be used to naturally control it (hopefully). Those species not numbered are considered either desirable or may have some other interest.

If the named alga species has a photo attached, that name is underlined. Simply click on the species name to bring up its photo. The same is true for the species mentioned in the "Biological Control List." And note, the algae numbering sequence is not consecutive throughout the following lists since it was and will be necessary to move/add species to different locations and the effort needed to keep it consecutive would be too time consuming.

If a species is not yet mentioned or underlined, it means I still need more information about it and/or a photo. If you have such, please send it and I'll post it with due credit. Sharing knowledge is what this non-profit website is all about! I should also add that since the supply of algae photos from individuals appears to be somewhat scarce in certain categories I searched the web to find sites where none-copyrighted examples appeared to be available and/or sought permission to use their photos.

As noted in the other sections/groupings in this website, there's room for additions and no doubt corrections. I've laid the groundwork, so please let's not criticize, simply pitch in and help! And since this is a visual gathering of this aspect of aquarium keeping, there's no related husbandry text explaining the conditions these species require or prefer. However, for that I highly recommend reading my Marine Algae Control Secrets booklet, Julian Sprung's Algae, A Problem Solving Guide, Vincent Hargreaves The Complete Book Of The Marine Aquarium, or Anthony Calfo & Bob Fenner Reef Invertebrates, An Essential Guide to Selection, Care and Compatibility and visiting the websites mentioned. These books and websites will greatly help you understand the conditions that bring about or sustain these growths and further ways to control or eradicate them. - Bob

GREEN

Caulerpa

C. brachypus - Northern Tropical Pacific Ocean, South China Sea
C. floridana - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
C. mexicana - Caribbean, Florida to Brazil
Caulerpa nummularia - Central Indo-Pacific Ocean to Fiji
Caulerpa paspaloides - Eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean
Caulerpa peltata - Tropical East Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, and Tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to Fiji
C. prolifera - Tropical West & East Atlantic Ocean/Mediterranean
C. racemosa - Circumtropical
Caulerpa reyesi - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Caulerpa scalpelliformis - Tropical East Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, and Tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to Fiji
C. serrulata - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean,/South Pacific - Great Barrier Reef to Fiji
C. sertularioides - Tropical East & West Atlantic Ocean
C. taxifolia - Tropical East Atlantic & Indian Ocean

Hair Algae

(1) Derbesia sp. 1
(1) Derbesia sp. 2
(1) Derbesia marina

(2) Bryopsis sp. - Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean
(2) Bryopsis plumosa - Tropical & Temperate Atlantic Ocean

(3) Chaetomorpha aerea - Tropical/Sub-tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
(3) Chaetomorpha crassa

(4) Boodlea sp.

(5) Enteromorpha compressa
(5) Enteromorpha intestinalis
(5) Enteromorpha linza
(5) Enteromorpha prolifera

Bubble Algae

(6) Dictyospaeria cavernosa - Indian Ocean to East Africa

(7) Valonia utricularis 1
(7) Valonia utricularis 2
(7) Valonia macrophysa

(8) Ventricaria ventricosa - Circumtropical

Turf Algae

(9) Acetabularia crennulata

Avrainvillea sp.
Avrainvillea nigricens - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean

(10) Chlorodesmis sp. (Turtle Weed)

(11) Cladophora laetevirens
(11) Cladophora prolifera - Circumtropical
(11) Cladophora rupestris

Cladophoropsis scoparius
(12) Cladophoropsis sp. 1
(12) Cladophoropsis sp. 2

(13) Valoniopsis pachynema

(14) Ulva lactuca - Circumtropical
(14) Ulva rigida

Calcareous Algae

Codium adhaerens
Codium arabicum
Codium decorticatum
Codium edule
Codium fragile
Codium intertextum - Caribbean
Codium vermilara

Halimeda copiosa (1) - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda copiosa (2) - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda discoidea - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean
Halimeda incrassata - Caribbean, Indo-Pacific Ocean, Red Sea
Halimeda macroloba - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Halimeda micronesica - Indo-West Pacific Ocean
Halimeda opuntia - Caribbean, Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Oceans
Halimeda tuna - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean/Caribbean

Neomeris sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Neomeris annulata

Penicillus capitatus
Penicillus dumetosus

Rhipocephalus phoenix - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean


Udotea sp.
Udotea flabellum
Udotea petiolata
Udotea spinulosa

Microalgae

(15) Microalgae
(15) Ostreobium sp.

Brown

Diatoms

(16) Diatoms 1
(16) Diatoms 2
(16) Diatoms 3

"Y" Branch Algae

(17) Dictyota bartayresii - Tropical & Sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean
(17) Dictyota dichotoma - Circumtropical
(17) Dictyota linearis - Caribbean

Scroll Algae

(21) Lobophora variegata - Caribbean and Tropical and Sub-Tropical Atlantic Ocean
(21) Padina sp.
(21) Padina australis
(21) Padina pavonica

SeaWeed/Kelp

(18) Fucus spiralis
(18) Fucus vesiculosus (1) - Sub-tropical & temperate Atlantic Ocean
(18) Fucus vesiculosus (2) - Sub-tropical & temperate Atlantic Ocean

(19) Laminaria sp. - Tropical & Sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean

Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant Kelp)

(22) Sargassum fluitans
(22) Sargassum hystrix - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean
(22) Sargassum johnstoni
(22) Sargassum natans
(22) Sargassum sinicola
(22) Sargassum vulgare

Stylopodium zonale

Saucer Leaf Algae

(20) Lobophora variegata 1
(20) Lobophora variegata 2

Turbinaria ornata
Turbinaria turbinata

Red

Spikeweed

Actinotrichia fragilis

Red Grape Algae (Rarely seen)

Botryocladia uvaria
Botryocladia pseudodichotoma

Red Filamentous Algae

(23) Centroceras clavulatum

(24) Wrangelia argus

Boneweed/Thicket Algae

Galaxaura acuminata
Galaxaura fastigiata
Galaxaura marginata - Circumtropical

Red Hair/Kelp/Wire Algae

Gelidium sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Gelidium latifolium
Gelidium microdon
Gelidium sesquipedale

(25) Polysiphonia elongata

(29) Asparagopsis armata
(29) Asparagopsis taxiformis

Red Macroalgae/Lettuce

Gracilaria curtissae - Circumtropical and sub-tropical
Gracilaria salicornia
Gracilaria tikvahiae
Gracilaria verrucosa

Halymenia sp. - Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean
Halymenia duchassaignii - Tropical West Atlantic

Porphyra leucosticta

Rhodymenia holmesii
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata

Scinaia sp. - Central Indo-Pacific Ocean
Scinaia complanata - Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean

Solieria robusta

Hookweed

(26) Hypnea pannosa
(26) Hypnea cervicornis
(26) Hypnea musciformis

Red Bulb Algae

Nemastoma sp. 1
Nemastoma sp. 2

Red Dictyota

Nitophyllum punctatum

Calcareous/Coralline spp.

Amphiroa cryptarthrodia
Amphiroa fragilissima - Tropical West Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean
Amphiroa verruculosa

Corallina elonata
Corallina officinalis

Hydrolithon boergesenii - Circumtropical

Jania rubens - Indo-Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean

Lithophyllum incrustans - Circumtropical/sub-tropical
Lithophyllum lichenoides - Circumtropical/sub-tropical

Mesophyllum sp. - Indo-Pacific Ocean
Mesophyllum mesomorphum - Circumtropical

Peyssonnelia sp. - Circumtropical

Titanoderma pustulatum

Slime Alga/Cyanobacteria

(27) Oscillatoria sp.

(28) Phormidium corallyticum

Other Higher Plants

Mangroves

Avicenia germinans (Black Mangrove)

Laguncularia racemosa (White Mangrove)

Rhizophora mangle (Red Mangrove) - Circumtropical & Subtropical

Shoal Grass

Halodule uninervis
Halodule wrightii

Paddle Weed/Midrib Seagrass

Halophila sp.
Halophila ovalis
Halophila spinulosa

Manatee Grass

Syringodium fildorme

Turtlegrass

Thalassia testudinum - Tropical West Atlantic Ocean

Eel Grass

Zostera noltii


Biological Control Species

Please note that clicking these links will take you to a species profile for each control species. To return to this page you will need to click the back arrow on your browser after clicking any of the links below.

Fish

Surgeonfishes

Acanthurus achilles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus japonicus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus leucosternon (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus lineatus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (6, 7, 8)
Acanthurus olivaceus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Acanthurus pyroferus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)

Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 23, 26, 27)
Ctenochaetus striatus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 23, 26, 27)

Naso brevirostris (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 22, 26)
Naso lituratus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 26)

Zebrasoma desjardinii (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma flavescens (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma scopas (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma veliferum (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)
Zebrasoma xanthurus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 26)

Blennies

Ecsenius bicolor (1, 15, 16)

Ophioblennius atlanticus (1, 15, 16)

Salarias fasciata (15, 16, 27)

Rabbitfish

Siganus corallinus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus guttatus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus magnifica (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Siganus vulpinus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14)

Angelfish

Centropyge acanthops (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge argi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge aurantia (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge bispinosus (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge eibli (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge fisheri (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge flavissima (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge heraldi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge loricula (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge nox (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge resplendens (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge shepardi (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)
Centropyge vroliki (1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 27)

Gobies

Amblygobius hectori (1)
Amblygobius rainfordi (1)

Invertebrates

Crabs

Percnon gibbesi - Sally Lightfoot Crab (6, 7, 8, 12)
Mithrax sculptus - Emerald Crab (2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 17)

Hermits

Calcinus tibicen - Red-legged Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)
Clibanarius digueti - Blue-spotted Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)
Clibanarius tricolor - Blue-legged Hermit Crab (1, 3, 5, 25, 27)
Paguristes cadenati - Scarlet-legged Hermit Crab (1, 3, 5, 25)
Phimochirus operculatus - Polka-dotted Hermit Crab (3, 5, 25)

Sea Hares

Aplysia californica (1, 2, 9, 12, 16, 25)

Slugs

Elysia diomedea (1, 2, 3, 5, 11)
Elysia ornata (1, 2, 3, 5, 11)
Tridachia crispata - Florida Lettuce Slug (1, 2, 25)

Snails

Astraea tectum (1, 15, 16, 21)

Cerithium echinatum (16)
Cerithium muscarium (16)

Nerita albicilla (16, 27)

Norrisia norrisi (Red Foot Moon Snail) - Not a tropical water species

Margarites pupillus (Margarites Snail) - Not a tropical water species

Puperite pupa (16, 27)

Trochus niloticus (1, 2, 9, 12, 15, 16)

Turbo fluctuosus (1, 15, 16, 21, 27, 29)

Vittina luteofasciata (27)

Conch

Strombus alatus (1, 9, 10, 12, 16, 27)
Strombus gigas (1, 9, 12)

Limpets

Diodora inaequalis (16)

Urchins

Diadema setosum - Black Longspine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)

Mespilia globulus - Tuxedo Urchin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)

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